. These grenades were demonstrated at Petersburg and while they were preferred over the Ketchum Grenade apparently very few were made. Artillery Fuses of the Civil War Hardcover - January 1, 2001 by Charles H Jones (Author) 3 ratings See all formats and editions Hardcover $219.05 3 Used from $159.96 Print length 167 pages Language English Publisher O'Donnell Publications Publication date January 1, 2001 ISBN-10 0967073146 ISBN-13 978-0967073149 See all details This cartridge consists of a relatively thin-walled forged steel projectile filled with a 1.49 pound bursting charge of TNT. g005776 german ww1 sword portepe. Please see our. Sawyer design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, lead sabot with lead The sensor also prevents the fuze from tripping due to disturbances such as sea swell or external radiation. Recovered: Port Hudson, Louisiana. The proximity sensor of the FREMEN marine fuze is based on an FMCW radar and intelligent digital signal processing. Interests: woodworking, metal fab, cooking, metal detecting and good bourbon, not in any particular order. mechanism. for 2. M38 Practice Fuze parts (M58) B30 30-MM PD fuze; M501 and M501A1 US Projectile fuzes; . Fuzes are the devices that trigger explosion of the artillery ammunition charge. Australia - 155mm Ammunition and Accessories | Defense Security This is a chance of a lifetime for the Collector to have an original crate full as issued, and/or for use by military re-enactors and shooters at Military rifle shoots, Machinegun shoots, etc. Artillery Fuze - Etsy Vietnam War US Artillery Time Fuze, Dated 1968 1968 dated Vietnam War US Artillery Time Fuze as used with Mortar Rounds, 75mm Recoilless Rounds, etc, etc. sabot, Confederate percussion fuze, Confederate Brooke rifle, 7in, Smoothbore artillery projectile, Mint 1969. TM9-1900, Ammunition General, June 1945 page 7, above left photo. Ammunition clip. Excellent condition. Launch Systems, Control Actuator Systems, Rocket Motor Cases, Pressure Vessels and Launch Tubes. Rare. $75.00, WW2, 1945 Dated, US Army Ground Signal White Flare M17A1, WW2 1945 dated US Army Ground Signal White w/parachute in original cardboard Tube. Mk-29 nose segmented interior, lead cup sabot, threaded for unknown fuze, 10 pounder rifle, 2.9 in. 3 meter wi MAKES 400 IGNITERS! You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Identification Shield of Cyrus Waterman Remington 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery. Device. Vietnam War US Army OD Plastic Blasting Cap Box for It includes small arms ammunition, artillery ammunition, mines, and bombs. These mines are, One of the most recent questions from those ordering stencils is "what paint do I use"? Fuses/Fuzes - JC Militaria This seemingly unending search for that elusive, perfect projectile continued even after the end of the Civil War. $4250.00, WW2 Blued Metal US Army Demolition Kit Crimpers for Combat Engineer Display. $150.00. In addition, a fuze will have safety and arming mechanisms that protect users from premature or accidental detonation. Fuzes - The Joint Center of Excellence for Guns and Ammunition $100.00, Reproduction of the Rare WW2 Mark3A2 Grenade with original Fuse. Ww1 Artillery Shell And Tip. Confederate manufacture, solid bolt, long pattern with bourrelet rings A funnel-shaped copper liner within the body shapes the explosive charge of Comp B. 37mm Shot, Fixed, Target-Practice, M51A1, with Tracer for 37mm Guns. Item AR9229 $52.95 U.S. Schenkl Combinatination Fuse Adaptor. $2,650.00. or Best Offer. The SMArtER155 projectile is designed to meet the U.S. Governments Cannon-Delivered Area Effects Munition (C-DAEM) requirements by providing ground forces with the capability to engage and destroy armored combat vehicles in a GPS denied environment from both the 39 caliber and 58 caliber weapons systems. AMMUNITION | Thompson's Battery C U.S. Artillery Fuzes, 1960's to Modern - Inert-Ord.Net HE cartridge M48 is used primarily for fragmentation, blast and mining. manufacture, bursting shell, long pattern "common" (standard), high band sawtooth brass ring sabot, Parrott percussion fuze West Point Style, Parrott 20 pounder rifle, 3.67in, Rifled artillery projectile, Scarce. $5 each or 3 for $10. Unloaded. It felt only right and fitting that the souvenir I brought home with me from my recent trip to Flanders was the fuze from a British Empire shrapnel shell. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Exc cond. Stopper and Label. Original U.S. WWII Mk. Civil War artillery, Relicman sales catalog, All items listed are authentic to the Civil War or as otherwise described, All artillery items listed $75.00, WW2 US Army, 1944 Dated, Ground Signal Amber Star Rifle Flare M22A1, WW2 1944 dated US Army Ground Signal Amber Star Rifle Flare M22A1 in the original cardboard tube. . Virginia. 6 Blasting Cap Box,Exc. Wait for your package. $20.00, US Naval Ammunition Relics for sale. As a new generation multi-option fuze for marine artillery ammunition, FREMEN guarantees unsurpassed capabilities for marine artillery both against sea targets as well as for air defence and for maritime fire support against land targets. Relicman Sales Catalog, Artillery, Page1 37mm Shot, Fixed, Armor Piercing, M74, with Tracer, for M3, M3A1, M5, 2.36-Inch, Rocket, High Explosive, Anti-Tank, M6A1, 2.36-Inch, Rocket, Anti-Tank, Practice M7A1, Ground recovered WWII M11A3 Practice Rifle Grenades, above left photo. HYDRA-70 Family of Rockets / MAULER. Hotchkiss' self contained artillery ammunition introduced in 1870 was the first successfully used in artillery, initially with an external friction primer and cartridge cases made of three pieces riveted together, but later with modern drawn cases and centerfire primers. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Mine No. Selma Arsenal design, Confederate Selma manufacture, solid bolt, pattern Original U.S. WWII M8 White HC Smoke Grenade, restored, TM 9-1900 WAR DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUAL AMMUNITION GENERAL JUNE 1945. A fuze is a device that initiates an explosive function in a munition, most commonly causing it to detonate or release its contents, when its activation conditions are met. Artillery Ammunition have been disarmed, Any excavated relics have been recovered Great Savings & Free Delivery / Collection on many items 155mm / 105mm Mechanically-Timed (MT) Artillery Fuze - Inert Replica $ 80.80 Add to cart 155mm / 105mm Mechanically-Timed / Point-Detonating (MT/PD) Artillery Fuze - Inert Replica Training Aid $ 114.80 - $ 137.80 Select options Foreign Artillery Projectile Fuze Set - Inert Replicas $ 503.80 Add to cart GK-2 Soviet Artillery Fuze - Inert Replica Sawyer design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, lead sabot with lead Original U.S. WWII M23A1 Smoke Rifle Grenade, with yellow streamer, restored by QuestMasters using the above stencil. We assume no liability associated with misuse of our products. $45.00, WW2 US Army Galvanometer with Russet leather Case as issued to Combat Engineers, Rangers, paratrooper demolition and ranger personnel. The fuze determines when and under what conditions a projectile will function. Fuzes - TRB $20.00, WW2 US For questions or accessibility help - please call (908) 903-1200. $195.00, Vietnam War, Inert Signal Ground Green Parachute Star Flare Round M19A2, Vietnam War Inert Signal Ground Green Parachute Star Flare Round M19A2 dated 1969. The fast fuse for sale is the best price you will find anywhere. Recovered by local Gettysburg resident John Cullison, who excavated relics on the field from (490-4235). German Artillery from for sale at International Military Antiques. http://relicman.com/artillery/RelicmanSalesArtillery-A2993.html, http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery0000-Index.html. What speed do I need? $125.00, Vietnam U.S. Army Multi Color sided, Sawyer rifle, 3.67 in, Rifled artillery projectile, Read design, Confederate manufacture, Rare. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". 0 bids. INERT SHELLS, ROUNDS, AND AMMUNITION - Axis Militaria WW2 German Wehrmacht 7.5 cm PaK 97/38 - INERT HEAT ROUND - Captured Canon de 75 modle 1897 - VERY RARE! The rotator, or center piece, is missing. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Confederate 3.4in. 834. Mint Condition. WW2 US Army M5 Mouse Trap Booby Trap fuze A2589. Product Code: PC9976 Price: $425.00. General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems Scranton Operations, produces a wide range of projectile and mortar metal parts for large-caliber cannons, artillery, as well as aircraft and naval platforms. Length:20Feet $15.00, WW2 US These can be easily mailed to Vietnam Collectors in the international community around the world. $75.00, US Army WW2 Original Case of 30 Rifle Signal Ground Green M19A1 Flares, Original US Army case of 30 Rifle Signal Ground Green parachute Flares M19A1. Round. Not included with this Detonator, pictured to show a complete assembly. Artillery | Civil War Artifacts - For Sale in Gettysburg French WWI spiral artillery fuzes; RGM-34K Soviet fuze; Proximity Fuze History; Fuze P.D.T for 90mm AA gun; Unknown fuze; Please indentifity my fuze 2; M151 Series Inert fuzes; Composite rocket motors and launch tubes for tactical and strategic missiles launched from ground, air, ship and submarine platforms. Legal Notice - International Military Antiques, Inc observes all Federal, State and local laws. The casing of this Mark 58 fuze has been partly cut away to display the microelectronics in the interior, and classified components have been removed, per the label on the stem. Length: 30Feet - Precut into 3ft sections!! For more recent exchange rates, please use the. Great find for display with the M9A1 Bazooka and Bazooka rounds bag. Runs, inc. dial, 18k & sterling- $175.00 These Separately Below. The 155mm M107 HE is a conventional, hollow forged steel projectile filled with TNT high-explosive. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. LARGE CALIBER AMMUNITION - General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems The fuze contains a mechanical clockwork timing mechanism that may be set to function at any time from 2 to 2 seconds. Shell is 8.4 pounds, 2.95" in diameter, 6 3/4" long. The MR103 uses a standard fuze cavity of IAW STANAG 2916 that is compatible with a fuze setter. The fuses used by the artillery in the Civil War were of two very basic types: time fuses, which burn slowly enough to ignite the main charge of the projectile after a number of seconds, and percussion fuses, which explode on impact. How Artillery Fuzes Worked - Civil War Artillery Product Code: PC9356 SOLD. No85 Artillery Fuze - Tales from the Supply Depot Time Fuses - O 1861 INERT DEACTIVATED. General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems is a global aerospace and defense company. ESAA Red Rocket. Scarce $50.00, Gulf War period US Army Cyalume Surface Trip flare, $35.00, WW2Original carton of 4 M5 Mouse Trap type booby Trap fuzes for hand grenades, etc. This original reference M-11 Rifle Grenade, shown here in the QuestMasters Museum collection, is not for sale. Heavy Ordnance Catalog - OldGuns.net $125.00, US M17A1. exploded the How much of each type? Note: this is the late-war rounded warhead model. Bag Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, pattern Condition. Complete and undamaged. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Has Diameter:3/32" (3mm) $27.50, Vietnam War Inert all plastic Claymore green plastic Mine. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. FM 23-30, WAR DEPARTMENT BASIC FIELD MANUAL. $75.00, Original VN War US M67 Grenade Black Cardboard Cylinder/Tube. dangerous US Part #GN1018. Inert Products manufactures and distributes the largest assortment of replica and inert ordnance in the world. Later on saw Solid base. All original. bursting shell, short pattern with smooth When This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Recovered: Port Hudson, Louisiana, by Emile Mancusco. $125.00, WW237mm Practice Round M55A/M17. The lot of 10 with carton. All JUNGHANS artillery products also have uniform safety and arming devices with identical tripping and de-guarding features a proven system that has already been verified several times in a variety of products. 31 January '23. This is the "Ridgeway Civil War Research Center", a research tool for educational purposes only, and is provided at no cost to the reader. Incendiary Sawyer design, Federal manufacture, solid bolt, lead sabot with lead We look forward to hearing from you. These matches are designed to be used with and electrical firing system. 3.67in, Rifled artillery projectile, Add several different fuzes, and two different powders, and the 155 became a very versatile weapon. WW2 M11A1 US Anti-Tank Grenade, Dated 1943, WW2 M11A1 US Anti-Tank Grenade dated 1943. Everything for sale on ima-usa.com is completely legal to own, trade, transport and sell within the United States of America. Suitable for various calibres from 76 mm to 100 mm up to 127 mm, these artillery fuzes meet all modern . Missing from most Grenade Collections. Learn More $125.00 SOLD COMPLETE STAND OF GRAPE FOR 12-POUNDER g009676 m89 pattern prussian infantry officer's sword. They were used in 76 to 120mm shells. Military Collectibles and Historical Americana, WW2 Mark 2 Practice Grenade w/ M10A3 Fuze & Cardboard Storage/Transport Tube, WW2 Mark 2 Practice Grenade with M10A3 Fuze and grenade cardboard tube. BUILD YOUR LEGEND TODAY. Pull Type Demo Firing Device. explosive Ammunition is classified in several different ways. Learn More. Don't see something listed? Check out our artillery fuze selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our militaria shops. Burn Rate: 1.8 sec/in Can mail these anywhere in the world. Civil War Artillery - CampSite Artifacts We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Electronic artillery fuzes have made enormous progress in recent years, especially in the area of proximity fuzes. These two fuzes belong in the group of fuzes that were numbered using a simplified system. flame grooves, rounded nose, "case shot" lead balls packed loose without matrix or with asphalt matrix, iron separator bolt, lead band sabot, Hotchkiss brass time fuze, James 14 pounder rifle, 3.8in, Rifled artillery projectile, US Civil War, John S. Adams' Spherical Grenade, RARE! $249.99. Booby Trip Wire. display. pattern with rounded grooved base, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl percussion fuze, First time I have had any of these for sale. Collectible Military Surplus Paper Items & Manuals, Original WW I German Personal, Field Gear, Vietnam Military M557 Artillery Fuse Can 7/69 Dated #3, WWI ORIGINAL GERMAN 105mm ARTILLERY CASE PRIMER FUZE TRANSPORT PROTECTOR RELIC, Vietnam Military M557 Artillery Fuse Can 7/69 Dated #4, 30 's 40 's 50 's VINTAGE KILLARK BUSS K-E LITTLEFUSE AUTO FUSE TIN LOT (30) #1, Vintage WWII Japanese Artillery Fuse Transport Case, VINTAGE/TRENCH ART CONE FUSE WITH ROYAL ARTILLERY BADGE SET OF 2, Customs services and international tracking provided, UNFINISHED 3D printed 105MM Artillery Shell with M557 Fuze- Piggy Bank - FAKE, ARTILLERY FUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR ~ CHARLES H. JONES ~ SIGNED, Vintage Wooden US Military Crate Box artillery fuze Ammo Box Rope Handles, W Britain - Union Artillery Crewman with Fuze Pouch and Lanyard 31423, WWII WW2 Original German Artillery Fuse Wrench, From Battle Of Kurland, British army artillery men fuse shells on western front 1917 old print WW1, Auto Leveling Ultra Quiet Genius 3D Printer Size 2.8In Touchscreen Dual Z-axis, Royal Horse Artillery Crimea War Souvenir Silver Goliath Fusee Pocket Watch 1857, Dug Civil War artillery fuse from North Georgia, VTG Russian GKB ARTILLERY MILITARY SHELL FUZE Exploder fuse ORIGINAL Manual Book, ORIGINAL Manual GUIDE M-6 MINE FUZE fuse ARTILLERY Russian MILITARY USSR SHELL, ARTILLERY FUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR ~ CHARLES H. JONES ~ NEW ~ SHRINK WRAPPED, GW039 - French Artillery Crew Twisting Fuse - Great War - First Legion, ARTILLERY FUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR ~ CHARLES H. JONES ~ NEW, Manual KTM-1,2,3 KTMZ-1 WWII FUZE Russian ARTILLERY MILITARY SHELL GUN fuse Book, Trench Art. The hole is to small to be a dissenter type round. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 2.9in, Rifled artillery projectile, Scarce. Only a very few examples exist. Fuze, Proximity, Cutaway | Smithsonian Institution Artillery shell cases, fuzes, primers and tubes. . Do you have questions? Have three, Bargain price, Each $39.00, 40mm Drill Cartridge M17B1, Chromed, Rare. 1966 dated. $52.50, WW2 1943 dated U.S. 20mm Machinegun Dummy Drill round in original cardboard tube of issue. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Artillery - 105mm to 155mm Ammunition and Metal Parts; . Location: pennsylvania. The XM1113 is an Extended Range, Rocket Assisted Projectile that replaces the current inventory of the limited M549A1 RAP rounds used in towed and self-propelled 155mm Artillery Systems. All orders are subject to acceptance by IMA Inc, which reserves the right to refuse any order. Item AR9228 $19.95 Burn Rate: 25 sec/ft thin upper ring, and flat nose, ratchet disc sabot, Confederate Brooke rifle, 7in, Rifled artillery projectile, The fuze is placed on HE and Smoke (WP) and is the only authorized MTSQ fuze for RAP. The first, and most utilized projectile, was the M107 High Explosive round (HE). Confederate manufacture, bursting projectile, long Very Rare. More photos on our website. This shell is thought to be the earliest Type 1 Hotchkiss. These are much more rare than either the Ketchum or the W.W.Hanes Grenade. Inert Products manufactures and distributes the largest assortment of replica and inert ordnance in the world. Fuzes [Archive] - Page 3 - Inert Ordnance Collectors IMA considers all antique guns offered on our website as non-firing, inoperable and/or inert. SMArt 155 is compliant to the DOD Unexploded Ordnance requirements. to complete. Contact us to discuss your needs. 122MM, 130MM AND 152MM : Quote/Details: M143E1 Patriot Fuze: Quote/Details: M144 PERCUSSION FUZE: FOR ARTILLERY 105, 130 & 155mm : Quote/Details: M174 PROXIMITY FUZE: FOR ROCKETS 2.75", 110-300MM (w/ADAPTORS) Quote/Details: M174 TIME FUZE: FOR MORTAR BOMBS 60, 81 & 120mm . Exc cond. $15.00, WW1 U.S. VB 1903 or 1917 Rifle projectile, Brooke design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, smooth sided pattern with grooves, ratchet ring Free Fireworks Making Projects & Formulas, Learn to Make Fireworks (eBook: 120+ projects, 800+ pages), Small Cannon Visco Fuse 25 sec/ft, - 30ft, "Professional Cannon" Fuse Assortment - (contains 6 rolls of fuse), Visco Fuse "Mega" Assortment - (contains 9 rolls of fuse), Liquid Element E-match Dip Kit (9-volts required). Original German WWII PAK 36 Stielgranate 41 37mm High Explosive Anti-Tank Stick Grenade with Transit Tube $3,995.00 $2,995.00 NEW! Dug Civil War Relics- Artillery Fuse Pieces $22.00 $3.95 shipping Schenkl Fuse Top $60.00 Free shipping or Best Offer ANTIQUE CIVIL WAR 1863 DATED FUSE BOX OF FIVE 15 SECOND FUZES FUSES $79.99 Civil War Parrott Shell Fuze Adapter $55.00 $5.65 shipping or Best Offer James Hoddell pre-civil war fusee mvmnt. Four Bees: M43A3 Mechanical time fuze, WW2 for Antiaircraft Artillery Detonator is shown with Item #000863, Sold Ww2 Artillery Shell Fuze - DetectorProspector.com Ending Saturday at 6:47PM GMT 2d 23h. The hole in the base has no threads. Condition. but very Lightweight composite structural components and integrated assemblies for commercial and military aircraft. Original U.S. WWII M14 Thermite Incendiary Grenade, Original WWII U.S. .30 Caliber M1A1 Ammunition Box, above. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The IMX-101 reduces vulnerability from unplanned detonations of the munition providing greater safety while handling. Excellent Condition. Chemical Gas 0 bids. Artillery Fuzes, 19th Century, Combustion Time and Percussion. Issued to both Combat Engineers for Demolition kits and to US Signal Corps Troops. Fuse was blown way from the shell when it exploded. $4,200.00. sides short segmented interior, wrought iron sabot, wood time fuze, with smooth sides, star cavity interior, copper ring sabot milled, copper time fuze, ARTILLERY - Virginia Civil War Relics General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems is one of the primary producer of artillery shells for the U.S, military. $150.00, Civil War Replacementpaper Fins for Ketchum hand grenades. Contact us to discuss your needs. 120MM ELOS Extended Line of Sight Most artillery fuzes are nose fuzes. $49.00, Vietnam 1:1 scale - fits in genuine brass case. The yellow band is 1/2" in diameter and wraps around the entire circumference of the grenade body. Time & Percussion Fuzes, 19th Century - Inert-Ord.Net Mint $75.00, WW2 US Army Carton of 10 37mm Red/Green M8 Flare Pistol Cartridges, Original US Army carton of 10 37mm Red/Green Tracer Cartridges as issued with the M8 Flare Pistol as issued to the Army Air Force, etc. Dahlgren 30 pounder rifle, 4.4 in, Rifled artillery projectile, Parrott design, Federal General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems is a global aerospace and defense company. UKO-0006 1960's US Steel 25mm Training Round INERT Our Price: $49.95 $42.50 003212 WW2 US Navy Mark 4 Parachute, Packed in Mark 4 Pack WW2 US Navy Mark 4 Parachute in Parachute Pack Mark 4. 12 Packs of 20' 3mm Fast Safety Fuse - 1.6s to 2.6s per foot. Original Sealed Carton. FUZES for military use A fuze is a device that detonates a munition's explosive material under specified conditions. This action typically . $15.00, WW2 40mm Gun CannonFuse.com > Welcome charge. Original U.S. WWII M23A1 Smoke Rifle Grenade, with yellow streamer, restored by QuestMasters using the above stencil. Civil War Artillery Mounted Services Shell Jacket. How much of each type? Mint Schenkl percussion fuze, Parrott 20 pounder rifle, 3.67in, Rifled artillery projectile, 7 It consists of a compressed column of black powder wrapped in thick paper. Fuze is partial. TM 9-1990 Ammunition General July 3 1942 page 37, above photo. Classifieds Artillery and Self Propelled Weapons For Sale - Milweb Active Protection Systems (APS) uses sensors, tracking radar, launchers and countermeasure munitions to defeat and/or deflect anti-tank guided missiles and rocket-propelled grenades away from combat vehicles. Artillery - Ammunition - Fuzes | Technology Trends Grenade Tube Accoutrement Plates; . Artillery fuze - Wikipedia Limited Quantity Available! Very Hard to find on the loose. Top portion of a well marked brass Schenkl . The outbreak of hostilities in 1861, found inventors on both sides searching for the perfect blend of sabot, body, and fuze to create the artillery projectile that would give the military advantage to their respective cannoneers. $50.00, WW2 Dated M2A1 105mm Brass Howitzer Shell, WW2 dated Brass M2A1 105mm brass Howitzer Shell casing. The Mechanical Fuze and the Advance of Artillery in the Civil War, TM 9-1290-210-12&P C1, Manual for Portable Inductive Artillery Fuze Setter, 2005, 5/86 PUB SINGAPORE ELECTRONICS CEI FUSEE PROXIMITY ARTILLERY NOVA MIRA FRENCH AD, The Mechanical Fuze and the Advance of Artillery in the Civil War by McCaul: New, WW1 Russian artillery bomb fuse explosive timer arms weapons warfare artillery, rad.militaria.and.collectibles (1,031) 100%, Britains 31077 Artillery Crewman in Shirtsleeves with Fuse Pouch, Leave feedback about your eBay search experience - opens in new window or tab.