The stem generally attains a … The consistent use of inorganic fertilizers has great adverse effect on soil structure. PDF | Maize (Zea mays ssp. Currently almost half of the production consists of white maize, for human food consumption (Source: Grain SA, 2014) Successful cultivation of maize depends largely on the efficacy of … Economic importance and growth rate of broiler chickens served fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis) leaves extract NWORGU, F.C. An estimated 208 million people in SSA depend on maize as a source of food security and economic wellbeing. Maize is the most important cereal crop in East Africa where it is a staple for a large proportion of the popula­ tion. Besides its food value, the green fodder . 1, No.1, March 2013, pp.44-71 . Picture showing (A) Maize plant, (B) Maize corn (seeds) and (C) Corn silk Conclusion From the literature study it was eventualized that the corn is worthwhile not only as food or medicine but even its waste after use has a number of unique importance for animals as well as industries. Yields (Kg/Ha) of maize, wheat and sorghum by country and by year, 2006-2008 24 List of Figures Figure 2.1. Maize is a tall, determinate annual monoecious having separate staminate and pistilate flowers on the same plant.Plant producing large, narrow, opposing leaves (about a tenth as wide as they are long), borne alternatively along the length of a stem. Background: Crops of economic importance like Maize are preferred to other crops with capacity of giving the highest yields, having the ability to help alleviate poverty within the African continent. Maize is cultivated on nearly 178 million Ha globally in about 160 countries and contributes ~50% (1,170 million MT) to the global grain production.In India, maize constitutes ~ 9% of the total volume of cereals produced and is the third most important food grain after rice (~ 42%) and wheat (~38%).Advance estimates for total production in India stands at 9.3 million MT in The last few years have seen dramatic changes in the production and productivity of maize. Every part of the maize plant has economic value: the grain, leaves, stalk, tassel, and cob can all be used to produce a large variety of food and non-food products. responsiveness of maize production to economic incentives. Introduction The maize (Zea mays L.) is a monoic annual plant which belongs to maideas tribe and the grass family of gramineae, and their cells have 2n chromosomes. Maize accounts for almost half of the calories and protein consumed in ESA, and one-fifth of the calories and protein consumed in West Africa. Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B 5029 Ibadan, Nigeria. Hybrid Maize Seed Production Manual [2] from thinning and topping and dry maize stalks and other residues can also be fed to animals. They can also reduce the yield of crop through […] Maize, also known as corn, is one of the farm produce that gives an incredible return on investment, as one seed of planted maize could return more than 500 kernels of corn come harvest season. Maize production accounts for about 40% of the entire area cultivated in South Africa and is highly sensitive to climate variability. Spots of injuries by insects may predispose crops to disease attack. mays) originated in Mexico and Central America and belongs to the tribe Maydae of the family Poaceae. Maize has worldwide importance due to its nutritional value, it is not only used for food but its waste also has unique importance in industries and for animals, so based on such benefits, it is suggested to make it part of daily diet and also research such focuses on it more to explore new advantages of it. These early descriptions and the later role of maize as one of the world’s primary economic staples predisposed many scholars to emphasize and, in some instances, assert that Zea maysL. Importance of Maize in Africa, Chapter 3. Maize (/ m eɪ z / MAYZ; Zea mays subsp. mays, from Spanish: maíz after Taino: mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. “Destruction of market gardening has destroyed the economic independence of these irrigation communities: where people were self sufficient, they will now be poor and have to look to government to provide everything.” Ex AREX officer, 27 March 2006 As of now they give us 500 cobs [100 kg] of maize[of our entire harvest] and say that’s Approximately 10-12 million tons of maize is produced in South Africa annually on more-or-less 2.7 million hectares of land. (A) Importance of Maize in Indian Agribusiness ecosystem 23 (B) Assessing demand supply pattern: Redefining focus on sector 29 (B.1) Production Scenario: Supply thrust 32 (B.2) Consumption Scenario: Demand Pull 37 (B.3) Trade Scenario: Import and Export patterns 39 (C) Maize Vision 2022: Strategies to bring paradigm shift in sector 45 parviglumis) -a wild … The quest to seek alternative method of boosting maize production is imminent to avoid further soil degradation. MAIZE:Post-harvest Operations Page 2 1. Some insects are very helpful in destroying injurious insects. The economic growth rate was hence forth negative with exchange rate dropping by half between the years 1985 to 1988 (BEAC, 1989). In West Africa, maize is an important component of the fa rming systems and the diet of many peoples. Earlier studies on the responsiveness of maize production to producer prices in Kenya revealed inelastic responses to producer prices (Mbithi, 2000; Mose et al., 2007; Olwande et al., 2009). Economic importance of insect pests 1. ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about the economic importance of insects. Zea mays, more commonly referred to as maize, is a member of the grass family Poaceae, or true grasses.Maize is thought to have originated 55–70 million years ago in what is now Central or South America and has since diversified into nearly 10 000 nondomestic relatives. Outside the Zea genus, the closest wild r elatives are from the genus Tripsacum.Information about wild relatives of Z. mays has been elaborated in biology documents prepared by various agencies (CFIA, 1994; OECD,2006; Maize occupies more than 33 million ha of SSA’s estimated 200 million ha of cultivated land. 1. Direct Losses by weeds Weeds cause reduction in crop yield through competition for light, nutrient, water and space. The article explores the importance of maize to household’s crop production, Insect pests destroy crops in the field through their biting, chewing, boring, sucking and defoliation activities. International Journal of Business and Management Review Vol. BIOLOGY OF ZEA MAYS (MAIZE) 3 2.22.22.2 Relatives of Maize and Their Distribution The closest wild relatives of maize are the teosintes which all belong to the genus Zea. In Africa, although only a few countries contribute a major share of area, sorghum is widely distributed and is a major staple food grain in large parts of the continent. Maize is the second most widely cultivated crop in Ethiopia and is grown under diverse agro-ecologies and socio-economic conditions typically under rain-fed production. Botany of Maize Chapter 4. Tomato fruit damaged by boll worm Flea beetle damage on bean Helicoverpa amigera plants (Epitrix hirtipennis) 2. Economic Importance of Weeds Weeds have certain effects in agriculture, which are mostly in the form of different harmful results but somehow there are also some beneficial effects. Economic and ecological importance of termites: A global review. Maize being the highest yielding cereal crop in the world, is of significant importance for countries like Pakistan, where rapidly increasing population has already out stripped the available food supplies.In Pakistan maize is third important cereal after wheat and rice. Figure 1 shows a phylogenetic tree of grass species related to maize. Maize is thus conservatively a staple food for more than 70% of the South African population whilst the maize industry stimulates the economy Beneficial Insects: Insects which produce honey, wax, lac, dyes and silk are commercially beneficial. International Journal of Business and Management Review Vol. Maize the solution provider Maize crop has an important place in the food grain basket of our country and is the third most important versatile food grain crop due to its importance in food, feed, specialty corn, starch etc. Is the only cereal, which 1 True Contribution of Agriculture to Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction: Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia Synthesis Report By Firmino G. Mucavele 1 1 PhD Agricultural Economics and Natural Resources, Professor, Director for Academic Reform and Regional Integration, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, and FANRPAN Steering Committee Member, Mozambique Node. In the latter region, maize is increasing in importance … He/she may operate the holding directly as an owner or a manager. All About /Crop/ Maize INTRODUCTION. households’ socio-economic characteristics affecting maize production in Rukwa in the context of the market reforms carried out in Tanzania in the mid 1980’s. Green maize, fresh on the cob, is eaten roasted or boiled separately or mixed with legumes. The maize agro-ecologies in Ethiopia can be broadly divided into six major categories (MOA 2005), including Moist and Semi-moist mid-altitudes (1700–2000 m above sea level; The study Sergey Govorushko. female maize farmers in Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria. A. In spite of its economic importance, sorghum cropped area around the world has declined over the last four decades at a rate of over 0.15 million ha per year. Malawi, a small landlocked country, is highly dependent on the agricultural sector, particularly smallholder agriculture. The economic loss caused by termites in some countries and the world as a whole are presented. There exists no direct ancestor for maize; … A little monetary investment in corn farming can therefore yield a sizeable level of income and profit after a … The structure of production and of the economy have not changed significantly since independence in 1964: smallholder agricultural productivity, which is dominated by maize, remains low while agriculture continues to contribute more than a third to GDP. Origin, Evolution, Biogeography and Cultivation of Maize: The Role of Nixtamal to Nutrition and Economic Importance of Maize to Ancient and Contemporary Food and Culture Maize Origins, Evolution and BiogeographyMaize (Zea mays L.) originated from a single domestication event c. 7,000 years ago, directly descendant from an annual grass, teosinte (Zea mays ssp. ... He/she has primary technical and economic responsibility for the holding. Physiology of Maize ... Nematodes as Pests of Economic Plants 334 Chapter 14. New World emphasized the role of maize as a primary staple, the staff of life, essentially synonymous to Old World wheat and barley. Rukwa region is one of Tanzania’s most reliant maize producers. Every part of the maize plant has economic value that produces a variety of food, feed products. This suggests ineffectiveness of pricing policies in raising maize production. Commercial Products: Apis, the honeybees produce millions of tons of honey every year, it also gives bees […] The objectives of the study includes; describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, to compare the output and income of female maize farmers participating in adult education programme and non-participants in the study area. Integrated Pest Management in Maize Production 373 ... -Maize is thought to have originated at least … Kenyans consume maize in a wide variety of ways (ugali, porridges and beer). 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